Not All Scientists pay to be Scientists:

A growing body of research on firms’ “open science” strategies rests on the notion that scientists have a strong preference for publishing and that firms are able to extract a wage discount if they allow scientists to publish. Drawing on a survey of 1,400 life scientists about to enter the job market, we suggest an alternative view. First, we show significant heterogeneity in the price scientists assign to the opportunity to publish in firms, and those scientists who seek industry careers have particularly low preferences for publishing. Thus, many job applicants are not willing to accept lower wages for jobs that let them publish and firms pursuing open science strategies may instead have to pay publishing incentives that fulfill both sorting and incentive functions. Second, we show that scientists with higher ability have a higher price of publishing but also expect to be paid higher wages regardless of the publishing regime. Thus, they are not cheaper to hire than other scientists if allowed to publish, but they are more expensive if publishing is restricted. Finally, we show that scientists publish not simply for “peer recognition” but also for more specific reasons, including the opportunity to advance science or to move to higher-paying jobs. Different reasons predict what price a scientist assigns to the opportunity to publish and may also have very different implications for the sustainability of competitive advantages derived from open science strategies.Scientists; publishing; competitive advantage

Michael Roach

Interviewer: Connor Perry Interviewee: Michael Roach Disclaimer: I removed crutch words and false starts from this transcript. These crutch words include Uh, um, so, and yeah

Interaction between the Yorkshire coast static gear crustacean fishery and offshore wind energy development

Globally the offshore wind energy sector has seen an increase in the number of and spatial scale of offshore wind farms in the last decade. Offshore wind farms can be seen as many EU member states answer to meeting their energy demands from renewable sources. The increase in offshore wind developments can create spatial conflict with other marine users such as commercial fisheries. Their ecological effects on macro- benthic crustaceans are not currently widely understood. This thesis focuses on the short-term effects of the construction and operation of the Westermost Rough offshore wind farm and the subsequent closure and reopening of the site to fishing exploitation due to the construction process. There were limited effects of the Westermost Rough offshore wind farm on the size structure and catch rates of the commercially exploited crustaceans sampled over three survey years. The closure of the site during construction saw an increase in the size, abundance, and total egg yield of lobsters from the site. This increase in lobsters produced an adverse effect on the commercial bycatch species in the site. Reopening of the site to fishing exploitation, produced an immediate, short-term increase in effort. The increase in lobster size, abundance and total egg yield produced a dramatic decrease but within six weeks, reflected that of the control area. This thesis demonstrates that the there are few observable short-term effects of offshore wind farm construction on commercially exploited crustacean species. The thesis also demonstrates the effects of a closed area on commercial crustaceans and the effects of reopening the site to exploitation. The results can be used to assist in marine spatial management and future offshore wind interactions with commercially important crustacean fisheries.[Includes journal article: Roach, M., Cohen, M., Forster, R., Revill, A. S., & Johnson, M. (2018). The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach. ICES journal of marine science : journal du conseil, 75(4), 1416-1426. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy006Authors' accepted manuscript available: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/523431/the-effects-of-temporary-exclusion-of-activity-due-to-wind-farm-construction-on-a-lobster-homarus-gammarus-fishery-suggests-a-potential-management-approach

Superconducting Thin Films for SRF Cavity Applications: A Route to Higher Field Gradient Linacs

Many linear accelerator (linac) applications rely on the use of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. In order to overcome the current field gradient limits imposed by the use of bulk niobium, a model involving the deposition of alternating superconducting-insulating-superconducting (SIS) thin films onto the interior surface of SRF cavities has been proposed. Since SRF performance is a surface phenomenon, the critical surface of these cavities is less than 1 micron thick, thus enabling the use of thin films. Before such approach can successfully be implemented fundamental studies correlating the microstructure and superconducting properties of thin films are needed. to this end the effect of grain boundary density and interfacial strain in thin films has been explored. Thin films with a smaller grain boundary density were found to have better superconducting properties than films with a larger grain boundary density. Interfacial strain due to a lattice mismatch between the film and substrate lead to two regions in films, one strained region near the interface and one relaxed region away from the interface. The presence of two regions in the film resulted in two types of superconducting behavior. Niobium films were deposited onto copper surfaces to help understand why previous attempts of implementing niobium coated copper cavities in order to exploit the better thermal properties of copper had varying degrees of success. It was found that an increased growth temperature produced niobium films with larger grains and correspondingly better superconducting properties. Proof of principle multilayer samples were prepared to test the SIS model. For the first time, multilayers were produced that were capable of shielding an underlying niobium film from vortex penetration beyond the lower critical field of bulk niobium. This result provides evidence supporting the feasibility of the SIS model

2013 NAEP: How Does Indiana Compare?

This issue brief discusses Indiana's performance on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) for 2013. The NAEP is the U.S. Government assessment used to rank student achievement

Private Enforcement of Competition Laws

This article addresses a long-standing controversy in many antitrust/competition law regimes around the world, including Canada, as to the appropriate role for private enforcement of competition laws. The United States, from the origins of its antitrust law in 1890, has provided for an expansive role for private actions for violations through treble damages remedies, class action procedures, one-way cost rules, contingent fees, and civil jury trials. The Canadian experience has been sharply different: statutory recognition of any role for private action occurred only in amendments to the Competition Act in 1976, and private damages actions were confined to criminal violations of the Act. The Bureau of Competition Policy has recently proposed a more expansive role for private actions under the Competition Act, in particular providing mechanisms for private parties to have direct access to the Competition Tribunal in non-criminal matters. The authors review the comparative experience with private antitrust enforcement; evaluate the arguments for and against the private enforcement of public laws generally; and review theoretical debates over the role of private enforcement of antitrust laws on either deterrence or compensation grounds. The authors conclude with a set of procedural and remedial proposals designed to structure and discipline in appropriate ways a private enforcement regime under the Competition Ac

Advanced Gun System (AGS) Backfit

U.S. Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command and Program Executive Office SHIPS, PMS 500 DD X Progra

Aberrant activity in conceptual networks underlies N400 deficits and unusual thoughts in schizophrenia.

BackgroundThe N400 event-related potential (ERP) is triggered by meaningful stimuli that are incongruous, or unmatched, with their semantic context. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified brain regions activated by semantic incongruity, but their precise links to the N400 ERP are unclear. In schizophrenia (SZ), N400 amplitude reduction is thought to reflect overly broad associations in semantic networks, but the abnormalities in brain networks underlying deficient N400 remain unknown. We utilized joint independent component analysis (JICA) to link temporal patterns in ERPs to neuroanatomical patterns from fMRI and investigate relationships between N400 amplitude and neuroanatomical activation in SZ patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsSZ patients (n = 24) and HC participants (n = 25) performed a picture-word matching task, in which words were either matched (APPLE→apple) by preceding pictures, or were unmatched by semantically related (in-category; IC, APPLE→lemon) or unrelated (out of category; OC, APPLE→cow) pictures, in separate ERP and fMRI sessions. A JICA "data fusion" analysis was conducted to identify the fMRI brain regions specifically associated with the ERP N400 component. SZ and HC loading weights were compared and correlations with clinical symptoms were assessed.ResultsJICA identified an ERP-fMRI "fused" component that captured the N400, with loading weights that were reduced in SZ. The JICA map for the IC condition showed peaks of activation in the cingulate, precuneus, bilateral temporal poles and cerebellum, whereas the JICA map from the OC condition was linked primarily to visual cortical activation and the left temporal pole. Among SZ patients, fMRI activity from the IC condition was inversely correlated with unusual thought content.ConclusionsThe neural networks associated with the N400 ERP response to semantic violations depends on conceptual relatedness. These findings are consistent with a distributed network underlying neural responses to semantic incongruity including unimodal visual areas as well as integrative, transmodal areas. Unusual thoughts in SZ may reflect impaired processing in transmodal hub regions such as the precuneus, leading to overly broad semantic associations

The Uniform Custodial Trust Act: An Alternative to Adult Guardianship

The problems associated with court appointed guardianship are axiomatic. The public nature of the court proceeding required for appointment of a guardian is of concern to many families who become involved in the process. The expense and delay associated with the original hearing, as well as subsequent hearings that may be necessary in the operation of the guardianship, are also a great disadvantage of guardianship. As a means of managing property, guardianship is cumbersome, expensive and inflexible. Recently, stories of the expense and potential abuse of guardianship for adults have found their way into the popular press. While most people think of guardianship as relating solely to minors or people adjudicated as mentally incompetent, guardianship may also be necessary for adults who suffer from functional incapacity below a level that would justify a formal adjudication of mental incapacity